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采用饲喂管法和点滴法,分别测定了吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、啶虫脒4种原药及其制剂对意大利蜜蜂成年工蜂的急性毒性,并采用危害商值(HQ)法进行了初级风险评价。结果表明:饲喂管法测得97.3%吡虫啉原药、25%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、96%噻虫嗪原药、30%噻虫嗪悬浮剂、97%噻虫胺原药、5%噻虫胺可湿性粉剂、96%啶虫脒原药及40%啶虫脒可溶性粉剂的经口毒性48 hLD50值分别为有效成分8.04×10-3、9.46×10-3、7.04×10-3、4.64×10-3、11.8×10-3、5.25×10-3、5.22和6.31μg/蜂;点滴法测得各药剂的接触毒性48 h-LD50值分别为有效成分2.46×10-2、1.33×10-2、3.63×10-2、9.27×10-3、1.52×10-2、2.21×10-2、5.82和5.07μg/蜂。按《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的毒性等级划分标准,啶虫脒原药及其可溶性粉剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为中等毒,其他6种药剂对蜜蜂的急性毒性均为高毒;根据危害商值(HQ),啶虫脒对蜜蜂为低风险,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺对蜜蜂均存在高风险。
The feeding method and drip method were used to determine the acute toxicity of 4 original drugs of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, acetamiprid and their preparations to the adult bees of Italian honey bee, respectively. The hazard ratio (HQ) A preliminary risk assessment was conducted. The results showed that: the feeding pipe method measured 97.3% original imidacloprid, 25% imidacloprid WP, 96% thiamethoxam, 30% thiamethoxam, 97% clothianidin, 5% thiamethoxam The 48 h LD50 values of the amine-wettable powder, the original 96% acetamiprid and the 40% acetamiprid soluble powder were 8.04 × 10-3, 9.46 × 10-3, 7.04 × 10-3 and 4.64 × 10-3, 11.8 × 10-3, 5.25 × 10-3, 5.22 and 6.31μg / bee, respectively. The 48 h-LD50 values of the contact toxicity of each agent were 2.46 × 10-2 and 1.33 × 10-2, 3.63x10-2, 9.27x10-3, 1.52x10-2, 2.21x10-2, 5.82 and 5.07 μg / bee. According to the classification criteria of toxicological grade in the Guidelines for Environmental Safety Evaluation of Chemical Pesticides, the acute toxicity of acetamiprid and its soluble powder to bees are all moderately toxic. The acute toxicity of the other six agents to bees is highly toxic. Hazard Value (HQ), acetamiprid is a low risk for bees, and imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin are all at high risk for bees.