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AIM: To determine the prevalence of celiac disease in a group of volunteer blood donors at a blood bank in the city of Curitiba, Brazil through detection of the serum marker immunoglobulin A (IgA) antitransglutaminase antibody.METHODS: Blood samples collected from 2086 healthy and Hemotherapy in Curitiba were submitted to ELISA testing for the IgA antitransglutaminase antibody.Positive samples received IgA antiendomysium antibody test through indirect immunofluorescence using human umbilical cord as substrate. Subsequently, patients who were positive on both tests underwent small bowel (distal duodenum) biopsy.RESULTS: Six subjects, four males and two females,tested positive for the two serum markers. Five of the six were submitted to intestinal biopsy (one declined the procedure). Biopsy results revealed changes in the distal duodenum mucosa (three classified as Marsh Ⅲb lesions and two as Marsh Ⅱ lesions). Most donors diagnosed having celiac disease presented multiple symptoms (gastrointestinal tract complaints). One donor reported having a family history of celiac disease (in a niece).CONCLUSION: Among apparently healthy blood donors,the prevalence of biopsy-confirmed celiac disease was approximately 1:417, similar to that seen in European countries.