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一、引言我國國民經濟正在進一步發展和鞏固工業的標誌下蒸蒸日上,為了支援保證社會主義工業化建設的成就,對於發展糧食生產提出了互大的任務,根據全國農業發展綱要(草案)黄河以北地區每畝糧食作物產量要求在十二年内(1956-1962)逹到400斤的水平。小麥是華北地區糧食作物中種植面積比重最大的一種,長時期來單位面積產量停留在百斤上下,而且歷年產量很不穩定。解放以来,由於生產關系的改變,勞動組織的加强,生產力的提高,單位面積產量有着顯著的增加,但是產量不穩定的情况依然嚴重。其原因概括的說来有兩種類型:一種是由於不良的外界環境條件所引起的,最常見的是春季的乾旱,從植株伸長初期起至抽穗開花期所出現的持續乾旱,引致植株莖稈矮小,分蘖多屬無效,穗部細小,籽粒因不正常的提前成熟而發育細小,因而產量顯著降低。1957年北京近郊的情形是最突出的
I. INTRODUCTION China’s national economy is booming under the symbol of further developing and consolidating industry. In order to support the achievements of socialist industrialization, it has set an enormous task for developing grain production. According to the Outline of National Agricultural Development (Draft), the area north of the Yellow River The output of grain crops per mu requires a level of 400 pounds in 12 years (1956-1962). Wheat is the largest proportion of the cultivated area of food crops in North China. During the long period of production, the output per unit area has remained at about a hundred pounds, and the output in the past years is very unstable. Since the liberation, due to the change of relations of production, the strengthening of labor organizations, the improvement of productivity and the remarkable increase in output per unit area, the situation of unstable output is still serious. There are two general reasons for this: one is due to poor external environmental conditions caused by the most common is the spring drought, from the beginning of the plant elongation to heading and flowering period of the continuous drought, resulting in plant stems Dwarf, mostly tiller invalid, spike small, due to abnormal grain maturity and development of small, so the yield was significantly reduced. The outskirts of Beijing in 1957 are the most prominent