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The enhanced intensity and lengthened lifetime of 1.54 μm emission were observed for Er:LiNbO3 crystal codoped with Zn2+ ions.The ZnO codoping led to the reduction of the green upconversion emission in Er:LiNbO3 crystals.The decay trace of the 4S3/2→4I15/2 was obviously nonexponential for Er:LiNbO3 codoped with 0 and 3 mol.％ ZnO,but became exponential for one codoped with 6 mol.％ ZnO.The OH- absorption spectra showed after codoping with Zn2+ ions,the OH- absorption peaking position shifted from ～3495 to 3484 cm-1,and the absorption cross section decreased.These spectroscopic characteristics suggested that the improvement of 1.54 μm emission was attributed to the reduction of Er3+ cluster sites.