肝素阻断纤维蛋白的形成,但不影响血小板的活化。来自水蛭唾液的水蛭素影响这两个血栓形成中的主要过程。动物实验中,滴注水蛭素能完全阻止猪的深部动脉损伤处的血栓形成,血小板粘附仅一层或极少。未见引起出血、血小板减少或过敏反应等副作用。 Heparin blocks the formation of fibrin, but does not affect platelet activation. Hirudin from leech saliva affects the major processes in both thromboses. In animal experiments, hirudin instillation completely prevented thrombus formation at deep arterial lesions in pigs, with only one or very few platelet adhesions. No bleeding, thrombocytopenia or allergic reactions were seen.