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[目的]了解肠道传染病的流行特征,为制订防治对策提供科学依据。[方法]对1981～2010年大连市肠道传染病发病资料进行分析。[结果]1981～2010年大连市累计报告422 015例肠道传染病,年均发病率为263.28/10万。肠道传染病发病率,1981年为1 253.25/10万,1991年为234.23/10万,2001年为254.54/10万,2010年为28.51/10万。422 015例肠道传染病病例中,细菌性痢疾占66.80%,甲肝占32.29%,伤寒和副伤寒占0.79%,霍乱占0.11%,阿米巴痢疾占0.01%,脊髓灰质炎只有9例;7～10月发病的占55.52%,其中细菌性痢疾7～10月发病的占69.30%,甲肝1～6月发病的占59.06%;男性、女性分别占57.80%、42.20%;0～4、5～14、15～34、35～54岁分别占14.63%、14.36%、42.48%、19.29%。1981～2010年年均发病率(/10万),肠道传染病城区与郊县(市)分别为341.80、172.35(P<0.01);其中细菌性痢疾城区、郊县(市)分别为243.70、97.34(P<0.01),甲肝城区、郊县(市)分别为95.02、73.44(P<0.01)。[结论]大连市肠道传染病发病率呈波动性下降趋势。细菌性痢疾与肠道传染病的流行特征一致。
[Objective] To understand the epidemiological features of intestinal infectious diseases and provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment measures. [Method] The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in Dalian from 1981 to 2010 were analyzed. [Results] A total of 422 015 intestinal infectious diseases were reported in Dalian from 1981 to 2010, with an average annual incidence of 263.28 / 100 000. The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases was 1 253.25 / 100,000 in 1981, 234.23 / 100,000 in 1991, 254.54 / 100,000 in 2001 and 28.51 / 100,000 in 2010. Of the 422 015 cases of intestinal infectious diseases, bacillary dysentery accounted for 66.80%, hepatitis A accounted for 32.29%, typhoid and paratyphoid accounted for 0.79%, cholera accounted for 0.11%, amoebic dysentery accounted for 0.01%, polio only 9 cases; From July to October, the incidence was 55.52%, of which bacterial dysentery accounted for 69.30% from July to October and hepatitis A from June to June accounted for 59.06%; males and females accounted for 57.80% and 42.20% respectively; 5 ~ 14,15 ~ 34,35 ~ 54 years old accounted for 14.63%, 14.36%, 42.48%, 19.29% respectively. The average annual incidence rate (/ 100000) from 1981 to 2010, intestinal infectious diseases in urban and suburban counties (cities) were 341.80,172.35 (P <0.01), of which bacterial dysentery in urban areas, suburbs (cities) were 243.70 , 97.34 (P <0.01). The average area of Hepatitis A and suburban counties was 95.02 and 73.44 (P <0.01). [Conclusion] The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases in Dalian showed a decreasing trend. Bacillary dysentery is consistent with the epidemiological characteristics of intestinal infectious diseases.