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一美学研究沿着不同的道路前进,它既包括美的理论又包括艺术的理论,既考察审美客体又考察审美经验,既运用描述的方法又运用规定的方法,既运用分析的方法又运用诠释的方法。1.美的研究与艺术的研究。美学被传统地定义为美的研究。但有些美学家确信美这个概念是无定限的、不明确的,因此不宜于考察,于是转向艺术,把美学定义为艺术的研究。还有一些人喜欢美和艺术兼而论之;他们分隔了这两个美学领域,但又同时加以考察。这两个概念中的每一个——美和艺术——无疑地具有各不相同的领域。美不仅仅局限于艺术,艺术又非单纯地追求美。在一定历史时期,人们很少或根本看不到美和艺术之间的联系。古人也研究美和艺术,但分别对待,他们认为没有理由把它们联系起来。但是,关于美的如此众多的观念脱胎于艺术的研究,关于艺术的如此众多的观念萌发于美的探索,这对于近代的思想家们来说,分解这两个领域已不可能。古人对它们分而论之,但后来人们主要对艺术美(artistic beauty)和艺术的审美方面(the ae-sthetic aspect of art)感兴趣,它们就合而为一了。
Aesthetics studies advance along different paths. It includes not only the theory of beauty but also the theory of art. It not only examines the aesthetic object but also examines the aesthetic experience. It not only uses the described method but also the prescribed method. It not only uses the method of analysis but also interprets method. 1. Beauty research and art research. Aesthetics is traditionally defined as the study of beauty. However, some aesthetic scholars believe that the concept of beauty is indefinite and ambiguous, so it is not appropriate to study. Therefore, it turns to art and defines aesthetics as the study of art. Still others like beauty and art; they separate the two aesthetic domains, but at the same time examine them. Each of these two concepts - beauty and art - undoubtedly has distinct areas. Beauty is not limited to art, art is not the pursuit of beauty. In a certain historical period, there is little or no connection between beauty and art. The ancients also studied beauty and art, but treated them differently, and they thought there was no reason to link them. However, so many ideas about beauty derive from the study of the arts, and so many ideas about the arts have germinated in the exploration of the United States. For modern thinkers, it is impossible to break down these two fields. The ancients divided them, but later they were mainly interested in the artistic beauty and the ae-sthetic aspect of art.