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目的研究镉作业男性工人的尿镉水平和血清性激素水平及其影响因素和作用机制。方法2008年11月,根据某镉电池工厂工作场所空气中镉浓度检测结果选取该工厂装配、充电、碰焊3个镉作业车间男性工人各40人作为低、中、高浓度接触组,并选取未接触镉作业的40名男性工人作为对照组,测定尿镉、尿肌酐(Cr)、血清睾酮(T)、促卵泡刺激素(FSH)及促黄体生成素(LH)的水平,并计算尿镉异常率。结果与对照组比较,中、高浓度接触组尿镉浓度和异常率以及血清FSH和LH浓度均较高,血清T的浓度较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);且随着工作场所空气中镉浓度的升高,镉作业工人的尿镉浓度和异常率以及血清FSH和LH浓度均呈上升趋势,血清T的浓度呈下降趋势。与工龄<3a组比较,6～9a组和>9a组尿镉浓度和异常率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);且随着工龄的增加,镉作业工人的尿镉浓度和异常率均呈上升趋势。结论工龄增加、工作场所中镉浓度超标是导致尿镉水平升高的主要危险因素,镉暴露可对男性工人的生殖系统产生内分泌干扰作用。
Objective To study the urinary cadmium levels and serum sex hormone levels in male workers exposed to cadmium and their influencing factors and their mechanism. Methods In November 2008, according to the cadmium concentration in the air of a cadmium battery factory, 40 male workers in the three cadmium workshops of the factory were assembled, charged and touched with each other as the low, medium and high concentration contact groups and selected 40 male workers who did not contact with cadmium were used as the control group. Urine cadmium, urine creatinine (Cr), serum testosterone (T), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) Abnormal rate of cadmium. Results Compared with the control group, the urinary cadmium concentration and abnormal rate, the concentrations of serum FSH and LH, and the serum T concentrations were lower in the medium and high concentration exposure groups (P <0.01) The concentration of cadmium in the air increased, the cadmium concentration and abnormal rate of cadmium workers and the serum FSH and LH concentrations showed an upward trend, and the serum T concentration showed a downward trend. The urinary cadmium concentrations and abnormal rates in 6 ~ 9a group and> 9a group were significantly higher than those in <3a group (P <0.01). And with the increase of seniority, the urinary cadmium concentration And abnormal rate showed an upward trend. Conclusions The increase of seniority and the cadmium concentration in the workplace are the main risk factors leading to the increase of urinary cadmium level. Cadmium exposure may have an endocrine disrupting effect on the male workers’ reproductive system.