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由植物衍生的抗癌药紫杉醇(taxol)正引起人们的关注,现已供不应求。紫杉醇为二萜类化合物,有其独特的作用机制。当细胞分化时,细胞内的微管蛋白(tubulin)聚合,形成一种框架组织(framework)的微小管,紫杉醇阻断此过程的逆转,将癌细胞限制在框架组织内而死亡。有关紫杉醇的二期临床于1988年开始,对晚期卵巢癌患者取得了鼓舞人心的效果,对其它癌症也取得了积极的效果。有详细资料表明1例晚期巨细胞肺癌获得完全缓解。现在的问题是:对该药的需求超出了天然资源所能提供的能力。紫杉醇从紫杉科植物短叶红豆杉Taxus brevifolia的树皮中获得,其收率仅约0.01％。而且短叶红豆杉为一种生长缓慢的小树。
Taxol, a plant-derived anticancer drug, is attracting attention and is now in short supply. Paclitaxel is a diterpene compound that has its unique mechanism of action. When the cells differentiate, the intracellular tubulin aggregates to form a microtubule of a framework, and paclitaxel blocks the reversal of this process, confining the cancer cells within the framework and dying. The second phase of paclitaxel began in 1988 and has had encouraging results for patients with advanced ovarian cancer and has achieved positive results for other cancers. Detailed information indicates that one patient with advanced giant cell lung cancer received complete remission. The question now is: The demand for this drug exceeds the capacity that natural resources can provide. Paclitaxel was obtained from the bark of the Taxaceae plant Taxus brevifolia, which yields only about 0.01%. And yew is a slow growing tree.