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目的探讨苗、汉族高血压(PH)和代谢综合征(MS)的患病特点。方法于2009年2—12月分层随机抽取广西省隆林县新州镇和者浪乡苗族1 102人和汉族2 068人进行调查。结果苗族PH患病166例,患病率为15.06%(男性129例,患病率为18.75%;女性37例,患病率为8.94%);汉族PH患病486例,患病率为23.50%(男性365例,患病率为27.36%;女性121例,患病率为16.49%);苗族PH患病率低于汉族(χ2=31.326,P<0.01),苗、汉族男性均高于女性(χ2=19.452、31.155,P<0.01);苗族MS患病128例,患病率为11.62%(男性94例,患病率为13.66%;女性34例,患病率为8.21%);汉族MS患病363例,患病率为17.55%(男性275例,患病率为28.11%;女性88例,患病率为11.99%);苗族MS患病率低于汉族(χ2=19.365,P<0.05),苗、汉族男性均高于女性(χ2=7.479、24.342,P<0.01);苗族肥胖、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)和空腹血糖(FBC)异常率均低于汉族(χ2=5.425～86.553,P<0.05或P<0.01);苗族PH患者对PH的知晓率、治疗率均低于汉族患者(χ2=37.991、13.679,P<0.01)。结论苗族居民PH和MS患病率均低于当地生活的汉族居民,其伴发慢性血管疾病危险因素也较少,对PH知晓率、治疗率低。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of essential hypertension (PH) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Miao, Han nationality. Methods From January to December in 2009, a total of 1 102 randomly sampled Hmong people from Longzhou County, Guangxi Province and Miao people from Longxiang County and 2 068 Han nationality from February to December in 2009 were investigated randomly. Results There were 166 cases of PH in Miao nationality, the prevalence rate was 15.06% (129 males, the prevalence rate was 18.75%, 37 females, the prevalence rate was 8.94%). The prevalence of PH was 486 in Han nationality, the prevalence was 23.50 % (Male 365 cases, the prevalence was 27.36%; female 121 cases, the prevalence was 16.49%); Miao PH prevalence lower than Han (χ2 = 31.326, P <0.01) (Χ2 = 19.452,31.155, P <0.01). The prevalence rate of Miao MS was 128 cases, the prevalence was 11.62% (94 males, the prevalence was 13.66%; the females was 34, the prevalence was 8.21%); 363 Han patients with MS prevalence rate of 17.55% (275 males, the prevalence was 28.11%; 88 females, the prevalence was 11.99%); Miao MS prevalence was lower than Han (χ2 = 19.365, (Χ2 = 7.479, 24.342, P <0.01). Miao’s obesity, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol The abnormal rate of fasting blood glucose (FBC) in Han nationality was lower than that of Han nationality (χ2 = 5.425 ~ 86.553, P <0.05 or P <0.01). The awareness and treatment rate of PH in Miao nationality PH patients were lower than those in Han nationality (χ2 = 37.991, P <0.01). Conclusion The prevalence rates of PH and MS in Miao residents are lower than that of Han residents living in local areas. There are also fewer risk factors associated with chronic vascular diseases. The awareness of PH and the treatment rate are low.