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出口目的地会影响企业生产率吗?何种类型的企业会在出口目的地的选择中受益?文章在新新贸易理论的基础上,试图进一步解释中国企业生产率持续增长的原因。文章采用中国工业企业数据和中国海关进出口数据的合并数据,运用倾向评分匹配和倍差法解决样本选择的内生性问题,系统考察了出口市场转变对企业生产率的影响。研究表明:(1)与只出口到发展中国家的企业相比,企业出口目的地由发展中国家转向发达国家后,生产率得到了更大幅度的提高,在运用两阶段最小二乘法控制计量模型的内生性问题后,检验结果依然稳健;(2)民营企业和多产品企业在出口目的地由发展中国家转向发达国家后,其生产率提升更为明显,而且出口阅历的积累更有利于企业出口学习效应的发挥和创新能力的提高。文章结论对中国企业的出口目的地选择以及不同类型企业生产率的提升具有重要的启示。
What kind of companies will benefit from the choice of destination? Based on the new trade theory, the article attempts to further explain the reasons for the continuous growth of Chinese enterprises’ productivity. Using the combined data of Chinese industrial enterprises data and Chinese customs import and export data, this paper uses the propensity score matching and multiple difference method to solve the endogenous problems of sample selection and systematically examines the impact of export market changes on enterprise productivity. The results show that: (1) Compared with enterprises only exporting to developing countries, the productivity of enterprises has been greatly improved after they are switched from developing countries to developed countries. After applying the two-stage least square method to control the measurement model (2) After private enterprises and multi-product enterprises shift their destination from developing countries to developed countries, their productivity gains are more obvious, and the accumulation of export experience is more conducive to the export of enterprises Learning effect and ability to innovate. The conclusion of the article is of great significance to the choice of export destination of Chinese enterprises and the improvement of productivity of different types of enterprises.