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金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素是由金黄色葡萄球菌分泌的一类胞外毒素,其中传统型为SEA-SEE,具有催吐活性。目前也发现了一些催吐活性未知的新类型肠毒素,命名为SEls。所有肠毒素的分子量都在22-28KDa之间,由单一肽链组成,其稳定性好,可耐大多数蛋白水解酶。金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素具有较强的超抗原特性,可促使T淋巴细胞大量增殖,同时表现出对组织相容性复合物Ⅱ类分子(MHCⅡ)等位基因的不同偏爱性。超抗原的产生和调控依赖agr系统,同时也受其它因素的调控,如一些氨基酸。因此在免疫治疗中具有着重要作用。本文从性质、组成、结构、功能、检测方法等方面对金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素进行简要介绍,为肠毒素的研究提供依据。
Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin is a type of extracellular toxin secreted by Staphylococcus aureus, of which the traditional type is SEA-SEE, with emetic activity. A number of new types of enterotoxins with unknown emetic activity have also been found, named SEls. All enterotoxins are between 22-28 kDa in molecular weight and consist of a single peptide chain that is stable and resistant to most proteolytic enzymes. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin has a strong superantigen characteristic, which can promote large-scale proliferation of T lymphocytes, and at the same time show different preference for the MHC II alleles of the histocompatibility complex. The generation and regulation of superantigen depend on the agr system and are also regulated by other factors such as some amino acids. Therefore, immunotherapy has an important role. In this paper, the properties, composition, structure, function, detection methods and other aspects of the staphylococcal enterotoxins are briefly introduced to provide the basis for the study of enterotoxins.