本文将环境污染排放及治理同时纳入效率测算框架,在构造环境综合指数测算相对绿色GDP的基础上,采用超越对数型随机前沿模型,对1998～2008年间环境约束下的中国经济增长效率及其影响因素进行了分析。研究发现:(1)我国经济增长效率呈上升趋势,但效率较低,仍有较大提升空间,且存在区域差异。(2)忽略效率影响因素会低估效率,但加入环境约束会降低效率。(3)FDI和对外贸易对效率改善有显著促进作用,引进外资和发展对外贸易没有使中国成为“环境污染天堂”。(4)工业化进程促进了效率改善,但在环境约束下该促进作用受到制约,表明我国工业增长模式急需改变。(5)非国有经济成分的上升有利于效率改善,应当继续深入产权结构改革,加快非国有经济发展。(6)环境污染治理强度对环境约束下的效率改善具有促进作用,而不考虑环境约束时反而具有抑制作用。(7)政府对市场的过度干预会损害效率,政府应当积极转变职能。 Based on the calculation of relative green GDP based on the construction environment comprehensive index, this paper uses the log-type stochastic frontier model to evaluate the efficiency of China’s economic growth under the environment constraint from 1998 to 2008 and its Influencing factors were analyzed. The findings are as follows: (1) The efficiency of China’s economic growth is on the rise, but its efficiency is still low. There is still room for improvement and there are regional differences. (2) ignoring the efficiency factors will underestimate the efficiency, but adding environmental constraints will reduce efficiency. (3) FDI and foreign trade have a significant role in promoting efficiency. The introduction of foreign investment and the development of foreign trade have not made China a “paradise for environmental pollution.” (4) The process of industrialization has promoted the improvement of efficiency, but the promotion function is restricted under the environment restriction, which shows that the mode of industrial growth in China urgently needs to be changed. (5) The rise of non-state-owned economy is conducive to improving efficiency. We should continue to deepen the reform of property rights structure and speed up the development of non-state-owned economy. (6) The intensity of environmental pollution control has a promoting effect on the efficiency improvement under the environment constraint, but has an inhibitory effect instead of considering the environment constraint. (7) Excessive government intervention in the market will impair efficiency and the government should actively change its functions.