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塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程全长436 km,位于极端干旱的塔克拉玛干沙漠,造林树种以抗逆性较强的沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)、柽柳属(Tamarix L.)、梭梭属(Haloxylon Bunge)等优良防风固沙灌木为主,防护林植物的蒸腾耗水和灌溉管理是防护林可持续的核心问题。为探求适合塔里木沙漠公路防护林的节水技术,利用微型蒸渗仪研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地咸水灌溉条件下Guilspare(浓度1.5%v/v)施用量对土壤蒸发和水盐垂直分布的影响。结果表明:(1)Guils-pare对土壤蒸发有显著影响,其施用量与累积蒸发量间呈对数关系。当施用量小于4.0 L/m2时,土壤日蒸发量在试验初期均表现为对照组(CK)大于处理组,试验中后期却相反;当施用量大于4.0 L/m2时,日蒸发量始终小于CK。(2)Guilspare施用量为6.0 L/m2的抑制效率最大,与其他处理(除7.0 L/m2)间差异达到显著水平(p﹤0.05)。(3)施用Guilspare对土壤蒸发第一阶段的蒸发强度有明显的减弱作用,其减弱程度与施用量的大小有密切关系,当施用量为6.0 L/m2时,蒸发强度最弱。(4)相同初始含水量条件下,表层土壤含水量和土壤浸提液电导率(除7.0 L/m2)均随着施用量的增大而变小;其他土层(除10～14 cm),两者均随着施用量的增大而变大。
The Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt ecological project is 436 km in length, located in the extremely arid Taklamakan Desert. Calligonum L., Tamarix L., Haloxylon Bunge) and other good windbreaks and shrubs dominated the shelterbelt plant transpiration water and irrigation management is the core issue of sustainable shelterbelts. In order to explore the water-saving technology suitable for Tarim Desert Highway shelterbelt, the effects of Guilspare (1.5% v / v) concentration on soil evaporation and vertical distribution of water and salt were studied by means of micro-lysimeter in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert. The results showed that: (1) Guils-pare 显 had a significant effect on soil evaporation, and the logarithm relationship between the application rates and cumulative evapotranspiration. When the application rate was less than 4.0 L / m2, the soil daily evaporation at the beginning of the experiment showed that the CK was larger than that of the treatment group, but the latter period was the opposite. When the application rate was more than 4.0 L / m2, the daily evaporation was always less than CK. (2) Guilspare 最 had the highest inhibition efficiency at 6.0 L / m2, with a significant difference (p <0.05) from other treatments except 7.0 L / m2. (3) The application of Guilspare 有 significantly reduced the evaporation intensity in the first stage of soil evaporation, and the degree of attenuation was closely related to the application rate. When the application rate was 6.0 L / m2, the evaporation intensity was the weakest. (4) Under the same initial water content, the surface soil moisture content and the conductivity of the soil extract (except 7.0 L / m2) decreased with the increase of the application rate; , Both of which became larger as the amount of application increased.