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目的:探讨惠州城区儿童注意力缺陷.多动障碍(ADHD)症状及其相关影响因素。方法:采取整群抽样法,抽取惠州城区具有代表性的3所小学的1 200例6~13岁小学生作为调查对象,采用根据注意力缺陷及多动症状诊断标准改编的调查表,对儿童ADHD症状的发生情况及其相关影响因素进行分析。结果:①注意力缺陷症状阳性率高于多动症状阳性率(P<0.05);②随年龄增长,症状阳性率逐渐下降(P<0.05);症状阳性率最高的年龄段集中于6—7岁;③男性症状阳性率明显高于女性(P<0.05);④不同母亲文化程度和家庭状况的儿童症状阳性率比较。差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。对于不同家庭收入的儿童,问卷中1、2个症状阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其他16个症状阳性率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:注意力缺陷症状阳性率一般高于多动症状,症状阳性率随年龄增长而下降,提高母亲的文化程度和修养,建立和谐家庭有助于降低ADHD症状阳性率。
Objective: To investigate the children’s attention deficit in Huizhou urban area.METHODS: The symptoms of ADHD and its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 1,200 pupils aged 6 to 13 from 3 primary schools in Huizhou city were selected as the survey subjects by cluster sampling method. The questionnaire adapted from diagnostic criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperactivity disorder was used to investigate the ADHD symptoms The occurrence of the situation and its related factors for analysis. Results: ① The positive rate of attention deficit symptom was higher than that of hyperactivity symptom (P <0.05); ② The positive rate of symptom decreased gradually with the increase of age (P <0.05); the highest positive symptom age was in 6-7 years ; ③ The positive rate of male symptoms was significantly higher than that of female (P <0.05); ④ The positive rate of children with different mother’s educational level and family status were compared. The differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05). For children with different family income, the positive rates of 1 and 2 symptoms in the questionnaire were not statistically different (P> 0.05). The positive rates of other 16 symptoms were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: The positive rate of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is generally higher than that of hyperactivity disorder. The positive rate of symptoms declines with age. Improving mother ’s educational level and self - cultivation, and establishing harmonious family can help reduce the positive rate of ADHD symptoms.