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一、概念:APUD细胞是25年前研究脑垂体激素过程中产生的一个新概念。自1966年Pearse及1970年Dawson提出这一细胞系以来,近年对它的重要性已越来越引起注意。 APUD细胞是指含胺和/或能摄取胺前身物,并能进行脱羧反应(Amine Content and/or Amine precursor uptake and decar-boxylation)的一组细胞。这些细胞广泛地分布于颈、躯干及大部分前肠、中肠及其衍生的内胚层组织中,如整个胃肠道、脑垂体、甲状腺、支气管、胰岛及前列腺等等。它们产生的一些特异性多肽及胺类物质,有部份已明确就是激素,目前已知的激素有ACTH、MSH(促黑色素细胞激素)、生长激素、胰岛素、高血糖素、胃泌素、缩胆囊索—促胰酶素、黄蛙素(Caeru-lin)、胰泌素、抑胃肽、胃动素,肠血管活性肽,降钙素等。这些激素的生理及药理作用有
I. Concept: APUD cells were a new concept in the study of pituitary hormones 25 years ago. Since Pearse in 1966 and Dawson proposed this cell line in 1970, its importance in recent years has drawn more and more attention. APUD cells are a group of cells containing amines and/or capable of uptake of an amine precursor and capable of decarboxylation (Amine Content and/or Amine precursor uptake and decar-boxylation). These cells are widely distributed in the neck, trunk and most of the foregut, midgut and its derived endoderm tissue, such as the entire gastrointestinal tract, pituitary gland, thyroid, bronchus, islets and prostate and so on. Some of the specific peptides and amines produced by them have been clearly identified as hormones. Currently known hormones are ACTH, MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone), growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, gastrin, and shrinkage. Gallbladder cords - tryprogestin, Caeru-lin, secretin, inhibitory peptide, motilin, intestinal vasoactive peptides, calcitonin, etc. The physiological and pharmacological effects of these hormones are