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卫生监督,是卫生行政执法的专用同义词,主要应用于社会公共卫生管理领域,它是国家管理社会公共卫生事务的重要形式和手段,是公共卫生管理活动中的基本法律制度。我国自建国初期,就提出了“预防为主”的卫生工作方针,1954年由政务院批准的《第一届全国工业卫生会议决议》中,明确提出实行卫生监督制度。同年,卫生部颁布的《卫生防疫站暂行办法》,明确规定卫生防疫站的任务是预防性和经常性卫生监督与传染病管理。从此形成了以行政业务管理为主的全国卫生防疫体系,卫生监督内容也从工业卫生逐步拓宽到环境卫生、食品卫生、学校卫生、放射卫生以及传染病控制等公共卫生各个领域。
Health supervision is a special synonym for health administrative law enforcement. It is mainly used in the field of social public health management. It is an important form and means for the state to manage social public health affairs and is the basic legal system in public health management activities. Since the founding of our country, China proposed the principle of “prevention as the mainstay.” In 1954, the “Resolution of the First National Industrial Hygiene Conference” was approved by the State Council, and the system of health supervision was clearly put forward. In the same year, the Interim Measures for Health and Epidemic Prevention Station promulgated by the Ministry of Health clearly stipulated that the tasks of the health and epidemic prevention station should be preventive and regular health surveillance and management of infectious diseases. From then on, a national health and epidemic prevention system dominated by administrative management was formed, and the content of health supervision was gradually broadened from industrial hygiene to various public health fields including environmental health, food hygiene, school health, radiation health and infectious disease control.