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本研究针对Waxy基因第四外显子和第五外显子的3个功能位点开发了新的AS-PCR标记,完善了Waxy基因的分子标记体系,为更精确的鉴定和筛选目标Waxy等位基因提供了工具。直链淀粉含量测定和AS-PCR分析结果显示,云南传统水稻品种具有极为丰富的Waxy基因多样性和直链淀粉含量变异,308个传统品种中共检测到65种不同的Waxy单倍型,直链淀粉含量变幅为0~48%。In1、E6、E10和E4op/hp这4个位点的碱基频率在四大稻区间存在显著差异,E2位点和In1位点的碱基频率在不同民族间存在显著差异,表明不同稻作区、不同民族对水稻直链淀粉含量和Waxy基因有着多样化的选择。同时民族混居地区E2和In1位点的碱基频率不同于其相应的民族独居地区,说明不同民族混居也会产生对Waxy基因不同的选择并增加Waxy基因的多样性。多样化的选择和民族混居是云南传统水稻品种Waxy基因多样性形成和维持的重要机制。在云南四大稻作区中,南部边缘水陆稻区的Waxy单倍型最为丰富,共检测到50种单倍型,占总数的77%,这一区域应被设为云南传统稻种资源的保护优先区和核心区。
In this study, a new AS-PCR marker was developed for the three functional sites of exon 4 and exon 5 of Waxy gene, which improved the Waxy gene molecular marker system for more accurate identification and screening of target Waxy et al Bit genes provide tools. The result of amylose content and AS-PCR analysis showed that Yunnan traditional rice varieties had extremely rich diversity of Waxy gene and amylose content variation. Among 308 traditional varieties, 65 different Waxy haplotypes were detected, Starch content range from 0 to 48%. There was a significant difference in the four base frequencies of In1, E6, E10 and E4op / hp between four rice regions. The base frequencies of E2 and In1 sites were significantly different among different ethnic groups, indicating that different rice District and ethnic groups have a variety of options for amylose content and Waxy gene in rice. At the same time, the base frequencies of E2 and In1 loci in ethnic mixed areas are different from those of their ethnic nationality living alone. This indicates that different nationalities may have different choices of Waxy genes and increase Waxy gene diversity. Diversification and ethnic mixing are important mechanisms for the formation and maintenance of Waxy genetic diversity in traditional Yunnan rice cultivars. Among the four paddy areas in Yunnan, the Waxy haplotypes are the most abundant in the paddy-upland areas on the southern margin. 50 haplotypes were detected, accounting for 77% of the total. This area should be set as the traditional Waxy resource in Yunnan Protection of priority areas and core areas.