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目的通过横断面流行病学调查了解五金塑胶业作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患现况,探讨其主要危险因素。方法选取某五金塑胶厂1032人为调查对象,采用经修改的北欧国家标准调查表进行肌肉骨骼疾患横断面流行病学调查。结果五金塑胶业作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患以腰部、颈部和踝足部疾患为主,年患病率分别为26.2%、17.9%和16.3%。女工肩和膝部疼痛年患病率显著高于男工(P<0.05)。不同工种腰痛年患病率由高到低依次为工模技工(37.3%)、包装工(36.1%)、操作工(27.3%)、车床工(25.0%)、碰焊工(20.0%)和冲压工(19.6%)。腰部职业性肌肉骨骼疾患(OMSD)年患病率随工龄增长有增加趋势(P<0.05)。长时间保持经常稍微转身姿势、经常稍微弯腰、经常大幅度弯腰、以不舒服的姿势工作、搬举重物远离身体、搬举重物需要转身、以不舒服的体位搬举重物、经常替同事换班均可增加腰痛的年患病率;选择性Logistic回归分析表明,搬举重物需要转身、长时间保持稍微弯腰姿势、经常替同事换班、休息是否充足被选入模型。结论五金塑胶业作业工人肌肉骨骼疾患以腰痛为主,不良劳动姿势、手工搬举重物以及二者同时存在是导致腰痛的首要危险因素,应积极采取工效学手段进行干预。
Objective To understand the status of musculoskeletal disorders in metal and plastic industry workers through cross-sectional epidemiological investigation and explore the main risk factors. Methods A total of 1032 people from a metal and plastic factory were selected as the survey subjects, and a cross-sectional epidemiological investigation of musculoskeletal disorders was conducted using a modified Nordic national standard questionnaire. Results Musculoskeletal disorders in hardware and plastic workers were mainly waist, neck and ankle foot disorders with annual prevalence rates of 26.2%, 17.9% and 16.3%, respectively. The annual prevalence rate of female workers shoulder and knee pain was significantly higher than that of male workers (P <0.05). The prevalence rates of low back pain in different occupations were as follows: model worker (37.3%), packer (36.1%), operator (27.3%), lathe worker (25.0%), welder (20.0% Workers (19.6%). The prevalence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (OMSD) in the lumbar region increased with the increase of working age (P <0.05). For a long time to maintain a slight turning position, often slightly bent over, often bent over, work in uncomfortable posture, lifting heavy objects away from the body, lifting heavy objects need to turn around, lifting heavy objects uncomfortable position, often for colleagues The change of classes can increase the annual prevalence of low back pain. The selective Logistic regression analysis showed that lifting the heavy objects needed to turn around, keeping a slight bending posture for a long time, and often switching for colleagues, and whether the rest was sufficient or not was selected into the model. Conclusions Musculoskeletal disorders of hardware and plastic workers are the main risk factors for low back pain due to low back pain, poor working posture, hand lifting of heavy objects and the simultaneous presence of both. It is suggested that ergonomic measures should be taken to intervene actively.