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红山文化:新石器时代的红山文化遗址开始发现于内蒙古赤峰市红山后遗址,初被称作赤峰第一期文化,1954年考古界将其定名为“红山文化”、考古校正年代约为公元前3500年。出土玉器种类有玉璧、玉环、玉璜、玉龙、玉佩、玉箍、玉饰、玉鸟、玉龟、玉蝉等,多为装饰用玉。玉质多为?有蛇纹石和鲍纹石,摩氏硬度较高,为6-6.5度。在纹饰方面,由于原始琢玉技术的限制,玉器多数素面,有纹饰的也很简单,基本上是浅刻和浅浮雕。此时期的玉器反映出古人的习俗信仰、情趣爱好等,有着很高的美学和科学研究价值。
Hongshan Culture: Hongshan culture Neolithic sites began to be found in Inner Mongolia Chifeng Hongshan ruins, was first known as the first phase of Chifeng culture, in 1954 the archaeological community will be named “Hongshan culture”, archeology The corrected age is about 3500 BC. Jade unearthed jade Bi, Yuhuan, Yu Huang, Yulong, jade, jade hoops, jade ornaments, jade birds, turtles, jade cicadas, etc., mostly decorated with jade. There are mostly jade serpentine and pearlite, Mohs hardness is higher, 6-6.5 degrees. In ornamentation, due to the limitations of the original cut jade, jade, most of the plain, textured is also very simple, basically shallow and bas-relief. This period of jade reflects the ancient customs, hobbies, etc., has a high aesthetic and scientific research value.