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目的研究安徽省尘肺病发生、病例转归及死亡原因,为制定防治规划提供依据。方法统计全省历年尘肺资料,分析尘肺病发生、发展规律及患者分布、病例转归、死因,与对照组比较计算PMR。结果1952~2004年,安徽省尘肺病新发病例数呈逐年增长趋势。至2004年,累计发生21 945例,居全国第9位。其中死亡5 606人,病死率25.54%;晋期10 941例,晋期率49.85%;合并肺结核3 413例;稳定率44.07%。第1位死因为尘肺及合并肺结核,占54.53%,超过对照组6.8倍。结论尘肺防治重点为4大矿业基地及其矿山掘进工种的从业人群。源头预防是关键。早期诊断和控制并发症是良性转归的首要措施。
Objective To study the occurrence of pneumoconiosis, the prognosis of cases and the causes of death in Anhui Province, and provide the basis for the development of prevention and control plans. Methods The pneumoconiosis data of the whole province were analyzed over the past years. The occurrence and development of pneumoconiosis, the distribution of patients, the prognosis of cases and the causes of death were analyzed. PMR was compared with the control group. Results From 1952 to 2004, the number of new cases of pneumoconiosis in Anhui Province showed an increasing trend year by year. As of 2004, a total of 21 945 cases occurred, ranking the 9th in the country. Among them, 5,606 were dead, with a case fatality rate of 25.54%; 10,941 cases of Jin period and 49.85% of Jin period; 3 413 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were merged; and the stability rate was 44.07%. The first death due to pneumoconiosis and pulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for 54.53%, 6.8 times more than the control group. Conclusions pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment focuses on the four major mining bases and their working group of miners. Source prevention is the key. Early diagnosis and control of complications is the primary measure of benign outcome.