为了防止核扩散,国际原子能机构(IAEA)提出了核材料防护措施的国际方案。与此方案有关的科学家负有计算核工厂所使用的和生成的放射性物质的平衡的责任。为此,需要对铀和钚进行监测,因为它们可用于制造核武器。由于在一些国家出现了增殖反应堆,专门的加工厂可以从增殖反应堆燃耗过的核燃料中回收精炼的铀和钚。防护措施方案的确立更显得有必要了。燃耗过的反应堆核燃料溶液的采样,是防护措施方案中最难的问题之一。这些溶液具有很高的活性,除了剩余的核燃料和在核增殖过程中产生的钚之外,还含有许多长半衰期和短半衰期的裂变产物。在国际 In order to prevent nuclear proliferation, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) proposed an international program of nuclear material protection measures. Scientists involved in this program have the responsibility of calculating the balance of radioactive material used and generated by nuclear facilities. For this reason, uranium and plutonium need to be monitored as they can be used to make nuclear weapons. Due to the proliferation of reactors in some countries, specialized processing plants can recover refined uranium and plutonium from nuclear fuel that has been consumed by breeder reactors. The establishment of protective measures program even more necessary. Sampling of spent fuel reactor nuclear fuel solutions is one of the most difficult issues in the precautionary approach package. These solutions are highly active and contain many long-lived and short-lived fission products in addition to the remaining nuclear fuel and plutonium produced during nuclear proliferation. International