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目的了解中国居民对艾滋病(HIV/AIDS)相关知识的知晓情况,为进一步开展预防艾滋病健康教育工作,制定健康传播策略提供线索和依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,调查全国15~69岁的城乡常住居民,用SPSS 15.0统计软件进行分析。结果共调查78 575人,艾滋病传播途径知识知晓率平均为66.0%(65.7%~66.4%),全部艾滋病知识知晓率平均为3.1%(3.0%~3.2%)。艾滋病传播途径知识的知晓率与其年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、民族、家庭月收入等有统计学联系,<40岁中国居民比≥40岁的平均增加1.26倍(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.21~1.31),文化程度高的平均为文盲的1.70~4.32倍,已婚比未婚的平均增加1.36倍(OR=1.36,95%CI:1.27~1.45),其他职业平均为农民的1.13~1.19倍[除农民工低于农民外,为0.89倍(OR=0.89,95%CI:0.83~0.95)],汉族比其他民族平均增加1.14倍(OR=1.14,95%CI:1.09~1.20),家庭月收入在1 000元以上的是1 000元以下居民的1.15倍(OR=1.15,95%CI:1.11~1.19)。结论中国居民艾滋病传播途径知识知晓率低于《中国遏制与防治艾滋病行动计划(2006-2010年)》的要求,社会经济地位对于我国居民预防艾滋病知识的知晓具有重要作用。因此在制定健康教育策略和政策时不仅仅要考虑个体自身的因素,也要从社会环境因素着手,进一步关注社会经济地位相对低下的弱势群体的健康传播。
Objective To understand the Chinese residents’ knowledge of HIV / AIDS and to provide clues and evidences for further health education on AIDS prevention and health communication. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the urban and rural residents aged from 15 to 69 in China. The data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 statistical software. Results A total of 78 575 people were surveyed. The awareness rate of AIDS transmission was 66.0% (65.7% ~ 66.4%) on average, and the average knowledge rate of all AIDS was 3.1% (3.0% ~ 3.2%). The awareness rate of HIV transmission knowledge was statistically related to their age, education, marital status, occupation, ethnicity and family monthly income. The average number of Chinese residents aged 40 years and older than 40 years old increased by 1.26 times (OR = 1.26 and 95% CI: 1.21-1.31). The average educational level was 1.70 ~ 4.32 times higher than that of illiterate people, and the average age of marriage was 1.36 times higher than that of unmarried women (OR = 1.36,95% CI: 1.27-1.45) ~ 1.19 times [0.89 times (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83 ~ 0.95), except that the number of migrant workers was lower than that of peasants). Han people increased an average of 1.14 times (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.09-1.20) ), And the monthly household income above 1,000 yuan was 1.15 times higher than that of residents under 1,000 yuan (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.11-1.19). Conclusion The knowledge rate of AIDS transmission among Chinese residents is lower than that of “China’s Action Plan to Prevent and Control AIDS (2006-2010)”. The socio-economic status plays an important role in the knowledge of AIDS prevention in China. Therefore, when formulating health education strategies and policies, we should not only consider individual factors, but also start from the social and environmental factors, and pay more attention to the healthy dissemination of the disadvantaged groups with relatively low socio-economic status.