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目的分析衡阳市2010-2012年疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse event following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价AEFI监测系统运转情况及预防接种安全性。方法通过全国AEFI监测系统,收集衡阳市2010年1月1日-2012年12月31日报告的AEFI个案数据,采用描述性方法进行流行病学分析。结果衡阳市共报告AEFI病例817例,<3岁病例占76.38%(624/817);男女性别比为1.36:1;主要集中在4-5月份和11-12月份;国家免疫规划(national immunization program,NIP)疫苗接种后发生的AEFI占67.93%;病例分类以一般反应为主,占94.00%;疫苗分布以无细胞百白破最常见,占21.42%;94.74%的AEFI反应发生在疫苗接种后<1d,临床损害以发热和局部红肿/硬结为主,各占78.21%、21.79%,异常反应中以过敏性皮疹为主,占60.98%;病人转归,治愈占99.76%,好转占0.24%;病例报告覆盖全市12个县(市)区,48h及时报告率为98.53%,48h及时调查率为100%,3d内调查表报告率87.76%。结论衡阳市AEFI监测系统运转情况总体正常,但监测质量有待进一步提高。
Objective To analyze the occurrence of suspected AEFI in Hengyang from 2010 to 2012 and evaluate the operation of AEFI monitoring system and vaccination safety. Methods Through the national AEFI monitoring system, the data of AEFI cases reported from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 in Hengyang City were collected and the descriptive methods were used for epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 817 AEFI cases were reported in Hengyang City, accounting for 76.38% (624/817) of cases of <3 years old; the sex ratio of male to female was 1.36: 1; the main cases were between April and May and November to December; the national immunization program program, NIP) accounted for 67.93% of AEFIs after vaccination. The majority of cases were classified as general reactions, accounting for 94.00%. The most common type of cell-free vaccine was 21.42%. 94.74% of AEFI reactions occurred after vaccination After <1d, the clinical damage was mainly fever and local inflamed / induration, accounting for 78.21% and 21.79%, respectively. The main reaction was an allergic rash, accounting for 60.98%. The patient’s recovery was 99.76% and the improvement was 0.24 %. Case reports cover 12 counties (cities) in the city. The 48h timely reporting rate was 98.53%, the 48h timely polling rate was 100%, and the 3-d poll report rate was 87.76%. Conclusion The operation of AEFI monitoring system in Hengyang City is generally normal, but the quality of monitoring needs to be further improved.