小麦是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一,在我国的地位仅次于水稻。在小麦生产发展的进程中,小麦育种起着极其重要的推动作用,仅小麦品种改良就可使小麦增产40%左右。本文对国内外小麦育种科学的历史进行了简单回顾,浅析了小麦育种各发展时期的主要成就和学术思想,明确了小麦育种与小麦遗传理论相互依存、相互促进的关系,并对小麦百种的发展前景进行了展望。 Wheat is one of the most important food crops in the world and second only to rice in our country. In the process of wheat production and development, wheat breeding plays an extremely important role in promoting wheat yield can be increased by only about 40% of the improvement of wheat varieties. This paper briefly reviews the history of wheat breeding science both at home and abroad, analyzes the main achievements and academic thoughts of wheat breeding in different development stages, clarifies the interdependence and mutual promotion of wheat breeding and wheat genetic theory, The prospects for the development of the future.