论文部分内容阅读
尽管自十九世纪后期起杀菌剂就一直在园艺和果树栽培方面广泛使用,然而,在1970年前,作物病原菌的杀菌剂抗性菌株却很罕见。自1970年以来,几类重要的新型杀菌剂[苯并咪唑类、嘧啶类、苯胺基甲酰类、吗啉类、二甲酰亚胺类、甾醇脱甲基作用抑制剂(DMI)、苯酰胺类杀菌剂]投放使用,其大都很快产生了严重的抗性(表1)。目前,世界上杀菌剂主要使用地区北欧由杀菌剂抗性问题带来的麻烦较之杀虫剂和除草剂抗性问题来得多。
Although fungicides have been widely used in horticulture and fruit tree cultivation since the late nineteenth century, fungicide resistant strains of crop pathogens are rare until 1970. Since 1970, several important new fungicides [benzimidazoles, pyrimidines, anilines, morpholines, dicarboxamides, sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), benzene Amide fungicides] put into use, most of them quickly gave serious resistance (Table 1). At present, the problems with fungicide resistance in northern Europe, the major areas of use of fungicides in the world, are much more troublesome than pesticide and herbicide resistance issues.