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在中国,生态保护与社区生计的冲突是生态文明建设的一个重要瓶颈。滇西北地区是生物多样性最为丰富的区域之一,社区生计活动对自然资本依赖程度高。本文以滇西北地区的两个与自然保护紧密相关的少数民族社区为例,分析滇西北社区生计资本及其组合现状,探讨社区的生计系统脆弱性背景及其发展困境。研究表明,滇西北多民族聚居区社区生计资本总体状况较脆弱,社区生计资本以自然资本为主,其他资本比较脆弱,质与量均显著不足。滇西北生物多样性保护背景下少数民族社区生计资本建设必须与可持续资源利用以及生态保护紧密联系,基于社区自然资源与文化特征,依据生物多样性保护要求和市场需求选择适宜的生计活动,以推动社区发展。
In China, the conflict between ecological protection and community livelihood is an important bottleneck in the construction of ecological civilization. Northwestern Yunnan is one of the most biodiverse areas, and its livelihood activities depend on natural capital. This paper takes two minority communities closely related to nature conservation in Northwest Yunnan as an example to analyze the livelihood capital and its combination status quo in Northwest Yunnan and to explore the background and development predicament of the livelihood system in the community. The research shows that the livelihood capital in the community of multi-ethnic settlements in northwestern Yunnan is relatively fragile. The livelihood capital of the community is dominated by natural capital while the other capital is relatively fragile, with significant deficits in both quality and quantity. Under the background of biodiversity conservation in northwestern Yunnan, the livelihood capital construction of ethnic minority communities must be closely linked to the sustainable use of resources and ecological protection. Based on the natural resources and cultural characteristics of communities, appropriate livelihood activities should be selected according to the requirements of biodiversity conservation and market demand. Promote community development.