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炭疽杆菌及其芽孢感染人和动物,引发炭疽病,表现为皮肤溃疡、焦痂、肠炎、肺炎及全身中毒症状,其是一类重要的烈性人畜共患病病原体。抗生素是治疗炭疽的常规药物,对于清除体内的炭疽杆菌效果较好,但却无法清除细菌分泌的炭疽毒素,因此,必须在感染早期使用,且对病死率较高的肺炭疽、肠炭疽疗效不佳。近年来,针对炭疽毒素的特异性治疗药物发展较快,包括抗体、类受体、小分子抑制剂和毒素突变体等,其中一株单克隆抗体已经在美国获得批准与抗生素联合使用治疗吸入性炭疽,还有其他几类药物均处在不同的研究阶段。本文从作用靶点、保护效果及应用前景等方面,对炭疽的特异性治疗药物的最新研究进展作一综述。
Bacillus anthracis and its spores infect humans and animals, causing anthrax, which presents as a skin ulcer, eschar, enteritis, pneumonia and systemic poisoning and is an important class of potent zoonotic pathogens. Antibiotics are routine drugs for the treatment of anthrax. They are good for removing Bacillus anthracis in the body, but they can not remove the anthrax toxin secreted by bacteria. Therefore, they must be used in the early stage of infection. The efficacy of anthrax and intestinal anthrax good. In recent years, specific therapies for anthrax toxins have developed rapidly, including antibodies, class of receptors, small molecule inhibitors and toxin mutants. One monoclonal antibody has been approved in the United States in combination with antibiotics to treat inhalation Anthrax, there are several other types of drugs are in different stages of research. In this paper, the latest research progress of anthrax-specific therapeutic drugs is reviewed from the aspects of target, protection and application prospects.