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在过去的 1 0多年间 ,风靡全球的电力工业改革采用了多种不同的形式 ,包括私有化、私人机构的参与、垂直和水平的拆分、公司化重组以及在发电和零售侧引入竞争等。文中首先论述了全球的经济和技术环境及其对电力工业改革、尤其是亚洲发展中国家的电力工业改革的影响 ,之后着重论述了亚洲国家的电力工业改革过程中应该特别注意的问题 ,以及与西方国家的主要区别。在此基础上 ,讨论了输配电系统的特性 ,以及私人机构参与电力工业发展的可能的方式 ,指出在某些国家所进行的将整个电力工业私有化的做法总的来讲不适合于亚洲发展中国家。对于亚洲发展中国家 ,重点在于吸引投资而非将所有电力资产私有化 ,其输电系统仍然应该由政府代表公众所有。对于配电系统 ,可以允许私人机构采用专营权的方式参与运行管理。最后对现货市场中应该采用按“统一切除价”还是按发电公司自己的报价结算这一广为关注的问题进行了讨论。
In the past 10 years or so, the reform of the power industry worldwide has adopted a variety of different forms, including privatization, private sector participation, vertical and horizontal division, corporate restructuring, and introduction of competition in the power generation and retail sectors. . The article first discussed the global economic and technological environment and its impact on the reform of the power industry, especially the reform of the power industry in developing countries in Asia, and then focused on issues that should be paid special attention in the process of reforming the power industry in Asian countries. The main difference between Western countries. On this basis, the characteristics of the power transmission and distribution system and the possible ways in which the private sector participates in the development of the power industry are discussed. It is pointed out that the practice of privatizing the entire power industry in certain countries is generally not suitable for Asia. Developing countries. For Asian developing countries, the focus is on attracting investment rather than privatizing all power assets, and their transmission systems should still be owned by the government on behalf of the public. For distribution systems, private agencies may be allowed to participate in operational management using a franchise. Finally, the issue of whether the spot market should adopt the “consolidated cut-off price” or settlement by the power company’s own quotation is discussed.