对博士生和博士后进行有效指导是每位导师的重要职责,因为它确保了科学的进步.然而,囿于个人性格和文化背景,每位导师都有自己独特的风格.但也存在一些国际惯例,其中就包括道德规范.在这篇受邀文章中,结合生物催化背景,介绍指导方式,仅供参考.有效的指导是导师-学生双向的,同时会介绍两者应遵循的准则,如:导师应允许学生针对课题提出自己的见解,并且不应惧怕导师;优秀导师应鼓励学生积极参加国内外的学术会议,并提交报告或海报,积极建立自己潜在的合作社交网络.总是要求学生们一定要实事求是,无论是发表演讲、海报或在网页上,都不要夸大自己的研究结果.导师应投入必要的时间指导学生撰写科技论文,尤其是选题环节.另外,总是鼓励自己的学生周末要充分休息,这样才能以饱满的状态投入到创新研究中.对于国际博士后,还建议他们利用假期或周末远足,如去德国一些城市及其博物馆、剧院等学习当地的文化知识;同时也鼓励德国的博士后有机会到其他国家,如去中国参观学习当地文化知识,这对他们职业生涯的发展非常有帮助.“,”Mentoring doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows effectively is a crucial responsibility of every professor worldwide be-cause it ensures the progress of science. However, every mentor has his/her own style, which is determined by the personal tempera-ment of the mentor in different cultural settings. Some international standards exist, which include ethical requirements. In this invited essay, I describe my own personal mentoring style without claiming that everyone should adopt it. I am convinced that effective mento-ring is a two-way process between mentor and mentee. Consequently, I present guidelines for both mentors and for mentees. Mentors should allow mentees to voice their own opinions and ideas about research projects, and mentees should not be afraid to insist on these freedoms. A good mentor sends his/her coworkers to national and international conferences and symposia, and if this is neglected, the mentee should remind the mentor of this practice, which allows the mentee to present lectures or posters, and to form international net-works for possible scientific collaborations. I have always asked my coworkers not to use a blown-up language for grossly exaggerating their results, neither in lectures, posters nor on websites, but mentors should likewise adhere to a tone-downed language. It is necessa-ry that the mentor invests time in guiding the mentee on how to write optimal scientific papers, including the crucial choice of the title. Finally, I have always encouraged all coworkers to relax long enough on weekends in order to rejuvenate, which allows them to return to work in the laboratory with fresh enthusiasm and new innovative ideas. In the case of foreign postdocs, this ideally includes sufficient travel during vacation time to some German cities with visits to museums and possibly attendance of concerts or theaters, allowing them to learn the rudiments of German history and culture, knowledge that will be of use in their later careers. Vice versa, German postdocsin foreign countries, e. g. , China, should not just engage in scientific research, but should also learn the basics of the culture of that particular country.