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公民对政府的信任度下降是新公共管理类型改革的重要驱动力。通过为公民提供有关政府绩效结果的实际情况来提高公民的认知度,被视为提高公民对政府信任度的重要途径。这一说法是否成立,关于绩效结果的认知度是否并不那么重要?两种势均力敌的假说正处于研究之中。一个命题假设认知度和信任之间有关联,而另一个命题假设借用社会心理研究理论,认为潜意识和情感线索更重要。为了探讨这个问题,本文介绍了“特定的政府机构中绩效结果透明度对公民信任度的影响”调查的实验(N=658)结果。由4组人群访问不同的网站,这些网站的透明度和绩效结果均不相同。结果表明,政府机构的透明度和信任度之间的关联性由认知度和情感的组合来决定。此外,透明度的整体影响是有限的。关于“政府在做些什么”以及“政府是否是良性的”既存的和基本的想法,较对政府组织的单一认知而言,远具有决定性。本文的结论是,有关绩效结果的认知,仅仅是透明度和信任度之间关联性的一部分,应促使人们对透明度的影响持有更现实的看法。对实践工作者的启示通常有许多人将透明度赞誉为政府信任度的关键。本文的研究表明,在公民对政府的信任度方面,透明度的重要性常常被夸大,因为大多数人关于政府的既存的、基本的信念,受透明度的影响是轻微的。不过,通过综合人们对政府的认知和感觉,透明度有助于维持现有的信任水平。透明度是必要的,但公共管理和行政管理专家关于透明度对政府信任度的作用,应该持切合实际的预期。
The declining trust of citizens in the government is an important driving force for the reform of the new public management type. Improving citizens ’awareness by providing citizens with results on government performance is seen as an important way to increase citizens’ trust in government. Is this claim true whether the perception of performance results is less important or not? Two equally balanced hypotheses are under study. One proposition assumes that there is a link between cognition and trust, while the other proposition assumes the borrowing of theories of social psychology that subconsciousness and emotional cues are more important. To explore this issue, this article presents the results of an experimental (N = 658) survey of “the effect of the transparency of performance results on citizen trust in specific government agencies.” There are four groups of people who visit different websites that have different levels of transparency and performance. The results show that the relationship between transparency and trust in government agencies is determined by a combination of awareness and emotion. In addition, the overall impact of transparency is limited. The existing and basic ideas about what the government is doing and whether the government is benign are far more decisive than the single perceptions of government organizations. The conclusion of this paper is that the perception of performance results is only part of the link between transparency and trust and should lead to a more realistic view of the impact of transparency. Implications for Practitioners There are often many who praise transparency as the key to government trust. The research in this paper shows that the importance of transparency is often overstated in terms of citizens’ trust in the government because most people’s existing and basic beliefs about the government are less affected by transparency. However, by integrating people’s perceptions and feelings about the government, transparency helps to maintain the existing level of trust. Transparency is necessary, but public administration and administration experts should have realistic expectations about the role of transparency in government trust.