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采用“3414”完全试验设计,对甘肃中部地区水砂田玉米土壤养分丰缺指标和推荐施肥指标进行了研究,因地制宜选择最优施肥方案。通过比较分析历年来土壤普查结果,得出当地水砂田玉米土壤养分的变化趋势;通过对不同肥力水平下土壤速效养分与缺素区相对产量及氮、磷、钾最佳施肥量的趋势拟合,分别导出了函数模型,划定土壤养分丰缺区间,进而演算出丰缺指标和推荐施肥指标。当地水砂田玉米土壤养分的变化趋势为:1983年以来,碱解氮、有效磷均呈逐渐提高趋势,速效钾在整个过程中则总体处于明显下降趋势。从丰缺指标可以看出:当地水砂田土壤氮素养分缺乏,磷素中度较缺,而钾素养分相对较为丰富,玉米要实现高产,既要合理增施氮、磷肥,且应根据土壤钾素丰缺状况适当补施钾肥。
Based on the “3414” complete experimental design, the indicators of soil nutrient abundance and deficiency and the recommended fertilization index of maize in the water sands field in central Gansu were studied, and the optimal fertilization plan was selected according to local conditions. Through comparative analysis of the results of soil census over the years, we can get the trend of soil nutrient in maize field. Based on the trend of the relative yield of soil available nutrients and the deficient area and the optimum amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization at different fertility levels , Respectively, the function model was derived, delineation of soil nutrient abundance of missing areas, and then calculate the abundance and lack of indicators and recommended fertilization indicators. The change trend of soil nutrients of maize in the local water sands field was that since 1983, both the contents of available nitrogen and available phosphorus increased gradually, but the available potassium decreased obviously in the whole process. From the abundance and lack of indicators can be seen: the local water sandy land soil nitrogen nutrient deficiency, lack of moderate phosphorus, potassium nutrient is relatively rich, corn to achieve high yield, it is necessary to rationalize the application of nitrogen and phosphate, and should be based on soil Appropriate potassium deficiency fertilization of potash.