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研究苹果园冬季大型土壤动物的分布及其群落结构特征,以指导果园健康及其害虫的生态调控。2010年11月,选取延安洛川县苹果示范园、常规园两种样地,采用五点法采样、手拣法分离土壤动物。共采集土壤动物67只,隶属3门5纲7目,鞘翅目、膜翅目、双翅目、咀刺目为苹果园的优势类群。洛川苹果园冬季大型土壤动物呈多样性分布,优势类群和常见类群构成了洛川苹果园冬季大型土壤动物的基本成分。土壤动物群落多样性随土层深度的增加而递减,呈表聚性。示范园土壤动物群落多样性指数、群落类群数和个体数均大于常规园,而均匀性指数小于常规园;常规园的丰富度指数和优势度集中指数略低于示范园。由此可知,示范苹果园生态系统具有较高的生物多样性和稳定性。
To study the distribution and community structure characteristics of large soil fauna in apple orchard in winter to guide the health of orchards and the ecological regulation of their pests. November 2010, select Yan’an Luochuan Apple Demonstration Garden, conventional garden two samples, using five sampling, hand picking method of separation of soil animals. A total of 67 soil animal species were collected, belonging to 3 orders, 5 classes and 7 orders. Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and Tsui were the dominant groups in apple orchards. The winter large-scale soil animal in the Luochuan apple orchard showed a diversity distribution, and the dominant and common groups formed the basic composition of winter macro-soil animals in the Luochuan apple orchard. The diversity of soil fauna decreased with the increase of soil depth, showing the polygamy. The diversity index, community groups and individuals in the soil fauna in the demonstration garden were larger than those in the conventional garden, but the uniformity index was less than that in the conventional garden. The concentration index and dominance index in the conventional garden were slightly lower than that in the demonstration garden. This shows that the demonstration apple orchard ecosystem has high biodiversity and stability.