目的分析乳腺癌患者手术化疗后的感染分布,探讨有效的预防对策,以降低感染发生率。方法以2010年2月-2013年4月在医院进行乳腺癌手术化疗后发生感染的35例患者作为研究对象,将经过处理的标本接种到普通血平板和细菌培养基上进行细菌培养,按纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果 35例感染患者中共发生感染41例次,其中有4例患者发生≥2次的感染,以呼吸道感染为主共22例次,占53.66%;共分离出病原菌62株,其中革兰阴性菌34株占54.84%,革兰阳性菌16株占25.80%,真菌12株占19.36%,主要病原菌为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色假丝酵母菌、铜绿假单细胞菌,分别占20.97%、17.74%、16.13%、16.13%。结论乳腺癌术后化疗患者免疫力降低,为感染高危人群,感染部位以呼吸道为主,制定有效的护理对策能够降低感染发生率,提高治疗效果。 Objective To analyze the distribution of infection after surgical chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer and to explore effective preventive measures to reduce the incidence of infection. Methods From February 2010 to April 2013, 35 patients who developed infection after breast cancer surgery and chemotherapy in the hospital were enrolled. The treated specimens were inoculated into ordinary blood and bacterial culture medium for bacterial culture. Film diffusion method for susceptibility testing. Results Of the 35 infected patients, 41 cases were common infections, of which 4 cases had ≥2 infections, respiratory infections accounted for 22 cases (53.66%), and 62 pathogens were isolated, of which Gram-negative bacteria 34 strains accounted for 54.84%, 16 strains of gram-positive bacteria accounted for 25.80%, 12 strains of fungi accounted for 19.36%, the main pathogens are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively 20.97%, 17.74%, 16.13%, 16.13%. Conclusions The immunity of patients with postoperative chemotherapy of breast cancer is decreased, which is mainly for the infection of high risk population. The main infection area is respiratory tract. Developing effective nursing measures can reduce the incidence of infection and improve the therapeutic effect.