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目的分析自1956年以来蓬莱市法定报告的自然疫源性疾病流行规律,探讨当前的防控形势和措施。方法对1956-2012年蓬莱市自然疫源性疾病疫情报告资料及数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果 1956-2012年,蓬莱市共报告发生13种5 132例自然疫源性传染病,死亡7种258例,年平均发病率为20.25/10万,年平均死亡率为1.02/10万,病死率为5.03%。60年代中后期至70年代早期发病率最高,70年代后期迅速下降,并持续稳定,90年代后期上升明显,之后较平稳。其中发病率居前三位的是疟疾、流行性乙型脑炎和肾综合征出血热,三者病例数之和占所有自然疫源性疾病的92.77%(4 761/5 132)。各年代发病率有较大差异,以60年代和70年代发病率最高。疟疾由1966年最高峰(发病率为104.65/10万)逐渐下降到1985年最低点(发病率为0.20/10万),在间隔15年零病例发生后,于2001年之后断续散发。乙脑于1990年发生最后1例死亡病例,1996年发生最后一例病例,至2012年已经连续16年无新发乙脑病例和死亡病例。结论 1956-2012年,蓬莱市自然疫源性疾病疾病谱有较大差异,应采取环境卫生整治、健康教育、预防接种、疫情监测和医疗救治等综合防控措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemic law of natural epidemic diseases statutory report of Penglai City since 1956 and to discuss the current situation and measures of prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of epidemic situation data and data of natural foci of Penglai City from 1956 to 2012 was conducted. Results From 1956 to 2012, Penglai City reported a total of 13 cases of 5 132 cases of natural epidemic-related infectious diseases and 258 cases of death, with an average annual incidence of 20.25 / 100 000 and annual average mortality of 1.02 / 100 000. The rate was 5.03%. The incidence was highest from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, rapidly declining in the late 1970s, and continued to stabilize, with an obvious rise in the late 1990s and a steady afterwards. Among them, the top three were malaria, Japanese encephalitis and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, accounting for 92.77% of all natural epidemic diseases (4 761/5 132). The incidence of each age has a greater difference, the highest incidence of 60s and 70s. Malaria gradually dropped from the highest peak in 1966 (the incidence was 104.65 / 100,000) to its lowest point in 1985 (the incidence was 0.20 / 100,000), intermittently after 2001 after the occurrence of 15-year intervals. The last case of death occurred in JE in 1990 and the last case occurred in 1996. There were no new cases of JE and deaths in 2012 for 16 consecutive years. Conclusion From 1956 to 2012, the epidemic patterns of natural foci in Penglai City are quite different. Comprehensive prevention and control measures such as environmental sanitation treatment, health education, vaccination, epidemic situation monitoring and medical treatment should be taken.