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促进企业清洁生产又不减少甚至增加就业是经济绿色化过程需要关注的问题。本文基于2003年清洁生产标准的准自然实验,采用倍差法(DID)研究以生产过程绿色化为代表的环境规制对企业层面就业的影响。基准回归发现,生产过程绿色化显著促进就业,与对照组相比,处理组受规制后就业上升约30.8%。在控制地区时间趋势,并进行倾向得分匹配(PSM)筛选样本后,这种影响依然高达21.7%。从时间效应来看,规制当年可能存在短暂的负效应,之后的各年份呈现正向影响;从对不同类型企业的影响来看,对中等规模企业、中等生产率企业、私营及其他类型企业的正向促进作用最大。研究结果表明,生产过程绿色化可实现就业红利。
Promoting cleaner production without reducing or even increasing employment is a problem that needs attention in the process of economic greening. Based on the quasi-natural experiment of cleaner production in 2003, this paper uses double-difference method (DID) to study the impact of environmental regulation represented by the production process green on employment at the enterprise level. Benchmark regression found that greening of production processes significantly contributed to employment, with employment in the treatment group up by about 30.8% as compared to the control group. This effect was still as high as 21.7% after controlling for regional time trends and propensity score matching (PSM) screening of samples. From the time effect point of view, there may be a short negative effect in the regulation year, followed by a positive impact in each year. From the perspective of the impact on different types of enterprises, positive impacts on medium-sized enterprises, medium-productivity enterprises, privately-owned and other types of enterprises To promote the most effective. The results show that the greening of the production process can realize employment bonus.