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水稻是中国重要的粮食作物,由于受到镉(Cd)污染而倍受关注。Cd是动植物非必要的有毒重金属,进入食物链对人体健康有严重的威胁,因此降低稻米对Cd的吸收迫在眉睫。该文综述了降低稻米对Cd吸收的农作技术及农田可持续修复的生物技术。首先,通过土壤水分管理,增施有机肥、硅肥及土壤改良剂能降低水稻对Cd的吸收。其次Cd的超积累植物及对Cd起固定化作用的微生物的使用可以用来进行田间修复。此外,可以通过Cd排异型水稻品种的筛选和利用及生物强化技术来降低稻米对Cd的吸收。
Rice is an important food crop in China and attracts much attention due to cadmium (Cd) pollution. Cd is a toxic and toxic heavy metal that is not necessary for plants and animals. The entry of food into the food chain poses a serious threat to human health. Therefore, it is imminent to reduce Cd uptake by rice. This article reviews biotechnologies for reducing Cd uptake by rice and for the sustainable restoration of farmland. First, through the management of soil moisture, adding organic fertilizer, silicon fertilizer and soil conditioner can reduce the Cd uptake by rice. Secondly, the use of Cd hyperaccumulator and the immobilization of Cd on microorganisms can be used for field restoration. In addition, the Cd uptake by rice can be reduced through screening and utilization of heterogeneous rice varieties with Cd and bio-fortification techniques.