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以间苯三酚、间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,碳酸钠为催化剂,经溶胶-凝胶、溶剂置换、常压干燥制得有机气凝胶,然后高温炭化得到炭气凝胶。采用正交实验法考察了间苯三酚与间苯二酚的摩尔比、催化剂用量、原料质量分数和反应温度对炭气凝胶结构的影响。采用低温液氮吸附法、XRD等手段对炭气凝胶的微观结构进行表征和分析,采用循环伏安、恒流充放电等检测技术评价了其电化学性能。结果表明,炭气凝胶最佳合成条件为间苯三酚与间苯二酚摩尔比1∶4,催化剂用量800(n(P+R)/nC=800),原料质量分数35%。在最佳条件下,炭气凝胶平均比表面积为609.11 m~2/g,平均孔径为5.42 nm;XRD分析表明:炭气凝胶主要以非晶炭形式存在;在6 mol/L KOH溶液中,炭气凝胶的比电容为229.17 F/g,并且具有良好的电容特性和可逆性。
Taking phloroglucinol, resorcinol and formaldehyde as raw materials and sodium carbonate as catalyst, organic airgel was prepared by sol-gel, solvent replacement and atmospheric drying, and carbonized airgel was obtained by carbonization at high temperature. The effects of the molar ratio of phloroglucinol to resorcinol, the amount of catalyst, the mass fraction of raw materials and the reaction temperature on the structure of carbon aerogels were investigated by orthogonal experiment. The microstructure of carbon aerogels was characterized and characterized by cryogenic liquid nitrogen adsorption and XRD. The electrochemical properties of the aerogels were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge-discharge testing. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the synthesis of carbon airgel were as follows: the molar ratio of phloroglucinol and resorcinol was 1: 4, the catalyst dosage was 800 (n (P + R) / nC = 800) and the mass fraction of raw materials was 35%. Under the optimal conditions, the average specific surface area of carbon airgel was 609.11 m 2 / g and the average pore diameter was 5.42 nm. The XRD results showed that the carbon aerogels were mainly in the form of amorphous carbon. In 6 mol / L KOH solution , The specific capacitance of carbon airgel is 229.17 F / g, and has good capacitance and reversibility.