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2013年7月10日上午10时,四川都江堰市中兴镇三溪村受极端暴雨影响发生高位山体滑坡灾害,滑坡-碎屑堆积体方量超过150×10~4m~3,其中1#滑坡-碎屑堆积体长度1.26km,造成三溪村一组重大人员伤亡。笔者在野外实地调查和室内研究分析的基础上,总结了都江堰三溪村滑坡的基本特征,研究了其启动运动机制和滑动速度,主要认识如下:(1)该滑坡为一处高位山体滑坡,后缘白垩系砂砾岩地层高速滑动后剧烈撞击-铲刮-偏转后铲动坡体上的松散堆积层而形成高位山体滑坡-碎屑流灾害。(2)根据滑坡的运动及堆积特征,将1#滑坡划分为砂砾岩滑动区、碰撞铲刮区和碎屑流堆积覆盖区3部分。(3)7月8日8时至10日8时,中兴镇三溪村的持续强降雨天气过程(都江堰市3d的降雨量相当于该地区年降雨总量的44.1%),直接触发了滑坡的发生。(4)三溪村滑坡的发生受2008年汶川地震、特殊的岩土体性质、地形地貌条件以及极端暴雨事件的综合影响,地震、地形为其发育提供了基础条件,极端暴雨事件为其直接诱发因素。(5)建议加强高位山体滑坡的研究,尤其是远程滑坡-碎屑流的早期识别和预警。
At 10 a.m. on July 10, 2013, a high landslide disaster occurred in Sanxi Village, Zhongxing Town, Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, due to extreme rainstorms. The landslide-debris accumulation volume exceeded 150 × 10 ~ 4m ~ 3, of which 1 # landslide- The length of debris accumulation body 1.26km, resulting in a group of three major village casualties. The author summarizes the basic features of the landslides in Sanxi Village of Dujiangyan on the basis of the field survey and indoor research and analysis, and studies the starting mechanism and sliding velocity of the landslide. The main findings are as follows: (1) The landslide is a high landslide, Cretaceous sandstone conglomerate strata after high-speed sliding severe impact - scraping - deflection after shoveling the loose accumulation of layers on the slope and the formation of high mountain landslide - debris flow disaster. (2) According to the movement and accumulation characteristics of landslide, the landslide # 1 is divided into three parts: gravel rock sliding zone, collision scraping zone and debris flow accumulation area. (3) From 8:00 on July 8 to 8:00 on the 10th, the continuous strong rainfall course in Sanxi Village of Zhongxing Town (the amount of rainfall in Dujiangyan Municipality is equivalent to 44.1% of the annual total rainfall in this area) triggered the landslide directly occur. (4) The occurrence of landslides in Sanxi Village is affected by the combined effects of the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the special characteristics of rock and soil mass, topography and topography, and extreme rainstorm events. Seismic and topographical conditions provide the basic conditions for their development. Extremely heavy rain events directly induce them factor. (5) It is suggested to strengthen the research on high landslides, especially for the early identification and early warning of remote landslide-debris flow.