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纵观世界多国的信息公开立法,立法目的是几乎所有信息公开法律规范均需明确的首要、基础性问题,因为这既决定了信息公开法的价值取向,将直接影响后续的信息公开实践以及争议解决;这也代表了信息公开立法的宪法基础,直接决定了信息公开立法的正当与否。对立法目的,以英美和日韩为代表存在诸多争议,主要是日本学者围绕着知情权还是人民主权的争论而引出的立法定位之争,这些争议表面看似无用,实则彰显着一国在法治实践中是否遵循了宪法的人权至上原则,也折射出一国的法治发展程度。而我国,至少以信息公开立法为标本,既未遵循宪法的人权至上原则,甚至尚未将其合法性根基建立于宪法之上。这就是我国信息公开立法面临的宪法基础困境。
Throughout many countries in the world of information disclosure legislation, the purpose of legislation is almost all information disclosure laws and regulations need to be clear first, the basic issues, because it determines the value of information disclosure law, will directly affect the follow-up of information disclosure practices and controversies This also represents the constitutional basis of the legislation of information disclosure, which directly determines whether the legislation of information disclosure is justified or not. There are many controversies over the purpose of the legislation, represented by Britain, the United States, Japan and South Korea, and mainly the controversy over the legislative position drawn by Japanese scholars around the controversy over the right to information and the people’s sovereignty. These controversies appear to be useless but in fact highlight the legal status of a country under the rule of law Whether the practice follows the constitutional principle of supremacy of human rights and reflects the degree of rule of law in a country. However, our country, at least taking the legislation of information disclosure as a specimen, fails to abide by the principle of the supremacy of human rights of the Constitution and has not even established the foundation of its legitimacy on the constitution. This is the constitutional predicament that our country’s information disclosure legislation faces.