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目的 探讨小儿麻疹肺炎并急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的影像学表现.资料与方法 回顾性分析16例临床诊断麻疹肺炎并ARDS患儿资料,对发病后的一系列胸片和CT影像进行分析.结果 (1)16例患儿中好转和治愈9例(肺间质纤维化2例),院内死亡6例,放弃治疗1例,总死亡率43.8%.(2)影像表现为斑片影13例,大片实变影8例,磨玻璃影9例,气胸9例,纵隔气肿5例,皮下气肿4例,肺间质纤维化8例.(3)病变累及双侧者13例,单侧者3例,15例累及肺野中内带,合并肺野外带受累者10例.累及中上肺野者5例,中下肺野者8例.结论 影像学检查可较为准确地显示小儿麻疹肺炎并ARDS几个阶段的病变过程,可用于评估治疗效果.“,”Objective To explore the imaging Manifestations of measles pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in children. Materials and Methods Roentgenography and CT data of 16 Children with measles pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results (1) 9 cases (2 case were interstitial fibrosis) were cured, 7 cases dead (6 cases died in hospital and 1 case abandoned treatment), with the mortalityof 43.8%. (2) The image manifestations of these cases included:spotted shadows and patches in 13 cases, pulmonary consolidation in 8 cases, ground glass opacification in 5 cases, pneumothorax in 9 cases, pneumomediastinum in 5 cases, pneumoderma in 4 cases,and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in 9 cases. (3) Lesions involved bilateral lobes in 13 cases, unilateral lobe in 3 cases,middle and inner lobes in 15 cases,inside and outside the lobes in 10 cases,middle-high lobes in 5 eases, and middh-low lobes in 8 cases. Conclusion X-ray and CT imagings can not only reveal the physiological changes of lesions, but also be of importance in evaluating the response to treatment.