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Upconversion (UC) lanthanide nanomaterials have attracted enormous attention in the last two decades thanks to their unique ability to convert low-energy infrared photons into high-energy photons.In this mini-review,we briefly discussed the recent achievements related to the direct utilization of UC optical nanomaterials for photocatalysis and photovoltaic applications.In particular,selected examples of UCcontaining devices/nanocomposites with improved performance were covered.In addition,we outlined some challenges and future trends associated with the widespread usage of UC nanomaterials.