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针对因姿态不稳定性对轨道的影响而难以评估的问题,详细讨论了卫星的姿态模型,推导了卫星姿态变化对观测值影响的解析表达式。模拟试验结果表明,随着姿态不稳定性加剧,轨道精度随之急剧下降,另一方面姿态不稳定会随坐标轴不同而对轨道精度产生不同影响。为获得高精度的卫星轨道,需要卫星姿态稳定性满足一定的要求,尤其是相位中心偏大的坐标轴方向,以JASON-2为例,姿态在轴向变化必须稳定在2°内。基于JASON-2实测姿态计算表明,该卫星姿态稳定性处在1°左右,对轨道精度影响为0.036 m。该模拟实验方法为评估姿态稳定性对卫星精密轨道的影响提供了有效的方法。
In view of the difficulty of assessing the orbit due to the instability of the attitude, the attitude model of the satellite is discussed in detail and the analytic expression of the influence of the satellite attitude change on the observation value is deduced. Simulation results show that as the attitude instability aggravates, orbital accuracy decreases sharply. On the other hand, the instability of attitude will affect the orbital accuracy differently with different coordinate axes. In order to get high-precision satellite orbit, the satellite attitude stability needs to meet certain requirements, especially in the case of JASON-2. For example, the attitude change in the axial direction must be stable within 2 °. Based on the JASON-2 measured attitude calculation, the attitude stability of the satellite is about 1 °, and the impact on the orbit accuracy is 0.036 m. The simulation experiment method provides an effective method to evaluate the influence of attitude stability on the precision orbit of a satellite.