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目的:探讨小儿气管、支气管异物的发病原因及误诊原因,以便有效的开展此病的防治工作。方法:回顾分析我院自1999年至2008年小儿气管、支气管异物的出院病历资料。结果:93份病例中,男68例,女25例,男:女=2.72:1;患病年龄大部分在3岁以内,特别集中在1岁至2岁以下,共56例,占60.22%;平均住院天数5.47天;来源于城市24例,农村69例;植物性异物77例;异物吸入原因有吃食物时吸入、哭闹、玩耍、摔倒、笑闹;伴有明显并发症69例;经气管支气管镜检取出异物90例,1例自然咳出,1例转院,1例死亡。结论:加强预防,广泛开展健康教育,幼儿进食应有专人看护,督促孩子养成良好的进食习惯;加强基层医生相关专科知识的培训,避免误诊。
Objective: To explore the causes of pediatric tracheal and bronchial foreign bodies and the causes of misdiagnosis so as to effectively carry out the prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods: A retrospective analysis of pediatric hospital tracheal and bronchial foreign body discharge records from 1999 to 2008 in our hospital. Results: Among the 93 cases, there were 68 males and 25 females with male: female = 2.72: 1; most of them were within 3 years of age, especially in the range of 1 to 2 years old, 56 cases (60.22% ; Average hospitalization days 5.47 days; 24 cases from the city, 69 cases of rural areas; 77 cases of plant-derived foreign bodies; inhalation of foreign body intake of food, crying, playing, falling, laughing; accompanied by significant complications in 69 cases ; 90 cases of foreign bodies were detected by tracheal bronchoscopy, 1 cough naturally, 1 case transferred to hospital and 1 case died. Conclusion: To strengthen prevention and extensively carry out health education, nursery children should have special nursing staff to urge them to develop good eating habits. They should strengthen the training of grass-roots doctors in relevant specialized knowledge and avoid misdiagnosis.