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研究政府,是一个跨学科的任务。各个学科都研究政府,并形成了自己的学问,比如法学研究政府的学问叫做宪法和行政法,政治学研究政府就是公共行政学。管理学研究政府叫做公共管理学。从经济的角度研究政府,宏观经济学、公共财政学和公共经济学都是重要的学问。不过,经济学家研究政府,基本上都是把政府当作一个中立的、没有自己特殊利益的实体,其核心是市场经济存在内在的不稳定,需要政府对其进行宏观调控,运用财政政策和货币政策来调控经济,解决经济的内在的不稳定性。公共财政学和公共经济学,其经济学部分主要是研究市场失灵,并研究相应的政府政策。这些学问都有先天的学科建设视角,宏观经济学、公共财政学和公共经济学都是经济学的。研究政府,在公共管理学专业是一个跨学科的专业,因为研究对象即政府的问题并非是单方面的问题,而是多方面的问题,所以公共管理学科的学生都需要学政治学、经济学和法学。就经济学来说,在公共管理学院设经济学课程,有很大的难度,所以在20多年前,国内的行政学者就开始从经济学的角度来研究政府的理念、制度、问题和政策,基于公共管理学的需要,用经济学研究政府,起个名字,叫做政府经济学,也就是政府+经济学。20多年来,政府经济学课程的教学和研究,有了比较大的发展,有一个比较稳定的学者群在进行研究和教学,出版了很多教材,同时也发表了很多论文,形成了很多热门的研究话题。在这个背景下,对政府经济学有兴趣的学者,从去年开始发起年度会议,2014年第二届政府经济学年度会议在浙江工商大学召开。本专栏从中选择了四个发言,讨论了政府经济学的几个核心议题:公共财政、公共服务、市场失灵、政府失灵和公共治理,基本上可以代表当前政府经济学研究的重点。希望读者能够通过这四个发言的阅读,略窥中国政府经济学研究之一斑。
To study government is an interdisciplinary task. Various disciplines are studying the government, and formed its own knowledge, such as law study of government called the constitution and administrative law, political science research government is public administration. Management Research Government is called public management. Studying government, macroeconomics, public finance and public economics from an economic point of view is an important science. However, when economists study the government, they basically regard the government as a neutral entity that has no special interest. The core of the economy is the inherent instability in the market economy, which requires the government to exercise macro-control over it and use fiscal policies and Monetary policy to regulate the economy and solve the inherent economic instability. Public finance and public economics, the economic part of its main research market failure, and study the appropriate government policy. These scholarship has a congenital perspective of discipline construction, macroeconomics, public finance and public economics are economics. The study of government in public administration is an interdisciplinary profession because the subject of study, that is, the government, is not a one-sided problem but a multifaceted one. Therefore, students in the public administration discipline need to study political science and economics And law. In economics, it is very difficult to set up an economics course in public administration, so more than 20 years ago, domestic administrative scholars began to study the concept, system, problems and policies of the government from an economic point of view, Based on the needs of public management science, the study of government economics, starting a name, called government economics, that is, government + economics. In the past 20 years, there has been a great development in the teaching and research of government economics course. There is a relatively stable group of scholars conducting research and teaching, publishing a large number of teaching materials, also published many papers and formed a lot of popular Research topic In this context, scholars interested in government economics started their annual meeting last year and the second annual meeting of government economics in 2014 was held at Zhejiang Gongshang University. This column chooses four of them to discuss several core topics of government economics: public finance, public service, market failure, government failure and public governance can basically represent the current focus of government economics research. Hope readers can read through these four speeches, a glimpse of Chinese government economics is one of the spots.