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一学术界对孔子思想的看法分歧很多,但是有一点大家似乎没有什么异议,就是孔子思想是属于“人文主义”,而非宗教的。可能不同的学者在使用这个概念时还有不同的侧重,但主要的意思应是一致的,就是指:孔子“强调‘人’的价值”,主张“天地之间人为贵”(嵇文甫《关于孔子的历史评价问题》,见《近四十年来孔子研究论文选编》齐鲁书社1987年,第3页)。并且,“他最关心的是一个良好政府与和谐的人伦关系为基础的良好的社会”(陈荣捷《孔子人文主义导言》,见《中国哲学史研究》1983年4期)。而相比之下,对超验的上帝、鬼神、灵魂等问题则不大重视,或者简直可以说不愿多谈。孔子在回答子路问鬼神和生死时说:“未能事人,焉能事鬼?”“未知生,焉知死?”(《论语·先进》)就显然是表达了一种拒
There is a lot of divergence of views among Confucianists in one academic circle, but one thing everyone seems to disagree with is that Confucianism belongs to “humanism” rather than religion. Different scholars may have different focuses on using this concept, but the main meaning should be the same, which means that Confucius “emphasizes the value of” human being “, advocating” man-made and expensive between heaven and earth “ Historical evaluation issues ”, see“ Selected Works of Confucius Research Papers in Recent 40 Years ”, Qilu Publishing House, 1987, p. 3). And “what he cares most about is a good society based on a good government and a harmonious human relations” (Chen Rongjie, “An Introduction to Confucius Humanism,” in Chinese History of Philosophy, 1983, No. 4). By comparison, the issues of transcendental God, ghosts and gods, souls, etc. are not valued or simply unwilling to talk about. When answering the question and questioning the spirits and death of life and death, Confucius said: “It is obviously an expression of refusal to know why you are dead when you can not do anything.”