System health management,which aims to ensure the safe and efficient operation of systems by educing uncertain risks and cascading failures during their ifetime,is proposed for complex transportation systems and other critical infrastructures,especially under the background of the New Infrastructure Projects launched in China.Previous studies proposed numerous approaches to evaluate or improve traffic reliability or efficiency.Never-heless,most existing studies neglected the core failure nechanism(i.e.,spatio-temporal propagation of traffic congestion).In this article,we review existing studies on raffic reliability management and propose a health nanagement framework covering the entire traffic con-gestion lifetime,from emergence,evolution to dissipation,based on the study of core failure modes with percolation heory.Aiming to be“reliable,invulnerable,resilient,potential,and active”,our proposed traffic health manage-nent framework includes modeling,evaluation,diagnosis,and improvement.Our proposed framework may shed ight on traffic management for megacities and urban agglomerations around the world.This new approach may offer innovative insights for systems science and engineer-ng in future intelligent infrastructure management.