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本文以汉英元音的相似度为基础,考察美国学习者对汉语元音的习得情况。通过计算学习者和母语者的元音距离分析学习者汉语元音的准确性,通过学习者与母语者元音范畴对比,分析学习者的元音偏误。跨语言语音相似度与二语习得的关系表现为,两种语言间语音的感知相似度决定了母语对二语发音的影响程度,相似度越高影响越大,相似度越低影响越小。对于感知相似度较高的音段来说,当声学相似度与感知相似度的结果差距较大时,母语的影响会相应减小。语言间的相似度也会影响二语发音的准确度,两种语言中完全一致的音段和相似度较低的音段其发音准确度较高,而两种语言中存在一定相似性的音段的发音准确性较低。对于这些相似的音段来说声学相似度决定其发音的准确度,声学相似度越小,发音准确度也越低。
Based on the similarities between Chinese and English vowels, this article examines the acquisition of Chinese vowels by American learners. By calculating the vowel distance between learners and native speakers, the author analyzes the accuracy of Chinese vowels and compares learners’ vowel errors with those of native speaker vowel categories. The relationship between cross-language phonetic similarity and second language acquisition shows that the perceived similarity between phonetics in two languages determines the degree of influence of native speakers on second phonetic pronunciation. The higher the similarity is, the greater the impact is and the lower the similarity is, the lower the impact is . For the segments with higher perceived similarity, when the difference between the acoustic similarity and the perceived similarity is larger, the influence of native speakers will decrease correspondingly. The similarities between languages also affect the accuracy of second language pronunciation. In the two languages, perfectly consistent segments and lower similarity segments have higher pronunciation accuracy, while the two languages have certain similarities Segment pronunciation is less accurate. Acoustic similarity determines the accuracy of their pronunciation for these similar segments. The smaller the acoustic similarity is, the lower the accuracy of the pronunciation is.