一、导论伯林在他著名的“两种自由的概念”一文中提出了消极自由和积极自由的界分。严格来说,这并非相互对立的两个概念,而毋宁是理解自由的两种角度。消极自由指的是人们拥有不受干预和强制的领域,在这个领域中,人们因行动不受阻碍而享有自由。~①而积极自由则体现为作为个体的我成为那个真实的、能动的“我”的那种力量。~②在伯林看来,积极自由的观念会产生一种危险,即人们以实现真正自由的名义对 I. INTRODUCTION In his famous article entitled “Two Concepts of Freedom”, Berlin raised the points of negative freedom and positive freedom. Strictly speaking, these are not two concepts that are mutually antagonistic, but rather two angles of understanding of freedom. Negative freedom refers to the area in which people have no interference and coercion, in which people are freed by unimpeded movements. However, positive freedom is manifested as a kind of force that I become the real and active “I” as an individual. In the opinion of Berlin, the idea of ​​positive freedom posed the danger that people would be denied their rights in the name of true freedom