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民国时期的中国在短暂发展中逐步摆脱列强侵蚀,实现了从“东亚病夫”向世界大国的跨越。其中,知识分子不但在知识建构而且在外交实践方面都扮演了重要角色。在知识建构方面,知识分子主动接引西方知识,并基于中国传统试图形成一个新的国际关系认知框架,缓解外来知识冲击和天下体系崩溃的挫折感,使中国更加从容地面对“新”世界,塑造了国人特别是精英对国际事务的认知。同时,知识分子积极在国际舞台上发出中国的声音,推动东西方文化交流,展现了中国对世界的知识责任。在外交实践方面,民国知识分子建立了中国近代外交体制,培育了大批外交人才,实现了外交现代化,快速融入了国际体系。特别是当国难来临之时,知识分子或利用国际事务专长投入到职业外交中,或利用学识为外交决策提供建言,或利用知识武器在国际舞台上为国家政策辩护。
During the period of Republic of China, China gradually escaped the erosion of power by the short-term development and realized its leap from “sick man ” in East Asia to a world power. Among them, intellectuals play an important role not only in knowledge construction but also in diplomatic practice. In terms of knowledge construction, the intellectuals take the initiative to attract Western knowledge and based on the Chinese tradition try to form a new cognitive framework of international relations so as to ease the frustration of foreign knowledge shocks and collapse of the world system so that China can more easily face the “new” "World, shaping the people, especially the elite of the international affairs of the cognitive. At the same time, intellectuals actively sent out the voice of China in the international arena and promoted the cultural exchanges between the East and the West, demonstrating China’s knowledge responsibility to the world. In terms of diplomatic practice, the Republic of China intellectuals established the modern diplomatic system in China, fostered a large number of diplomatic talents, realized the diplomatic modernization and quickly integrated itself into the international system. Especially when the national crisis is coming, intellectuals either use international expertise to devote themselves to professional diplomacy or use their knowledge to make suggestions for diplomatic decision-making or to use knowledge and weapons to defend their national policies on the international stage.